What causes hair loss?

The most common cause of hair loss is a condition known as “androgenetic alopecia,” which is also referred to as “male-pattern hair loss” and “female-pattern hair loss.” The appearance of androgenetic alopecia can vary from person to person. In men, it often results in bald patches on the front and top of the scalp, while in women, it usually leads to thinning hair on the top of the scalp, but not complete hair loss.

Another prevalent cause of hair loss is “alopecia areata,” which occurs when the immune system attacks the areas of the skin where hair grows. People with alopecia areata may experience small, round patches of hair loss or larger areas of hair loss.

There are numerous other factors that can contribute to hair loss, including certain medical conditions and medications.

Hair loss treatments

If hair loss is caused by a health problem, treating the underlying condition can help. There are various ways to treat different types of hair loss. Some examples include topical medications, injectable medications, and oral medications. In some cases, surgery may be necessary to treat areas of hair that cannot regrow.

For androgenetic alopecia, some medications that might help to stop hair loss include:

• Minoxidil (sample brand name: Rogaine): This medication is available in liquid or foam form without a prescription. It is applied directly to the scalp. In some cases, doctors may prescribe minoxidil in pill form.

• Finasteride (sample brand name: Propecia): This medication is intended for males. However, doctors may also prescribe it to females who have gone through menopause (they have stopped having periods). It comes in pill form, and a prescription is required to purchase it.

• Spironolactone (sample brand name: Aldactone): This medication may help some females. It is not safe to use during pregnancy. The medication comes in pill form, and a prescription is required to purchase it.

For alopecia areata, some medications that can help regrow hair include:

• Steroids: These medications can be given as shots or applied directly to the scalp (for example, as a liquid, gel, foam, lotion, or cream). The medication slows or stops the immune response that causes alopecia areata. These are not the same as the steroids that some athletes take illegally.

• Topical immunotherapy: A dermatologist usually administers this type of treatment. The doctor applies a special medication that causes a mild allergic reaction to the areas of hair loss. Multiple treatments are usually required to determine if topical immunotherapy will be effective.

• Pills: Dermatologists may use pills to treat people with significant hair loss from alopecia areata. The pills slow or stop the immune response that causes alopecia.